DO YOU KNOW THE HISTORY OF GLASS AND HOW THIS GLASS IS MADE ?

 

From waking up in the morning to going to sleep at night, you must have gone in front of the glass many times. Actually, glass is such a thing, as soon as it comes in front of it, its reflection starts appearing in the glass. Glass is a very important thing in our daily life. Glass was invented before the invention of plastic. Glass is such a thing that could be easily changed into any shape. That is, we can give it any shape or size.Glass is used to make many things such as glass utensils, mirrors in which we see our face, window, gate, TV, laptop and screen of our mobile as well as glass is used for all kinds of things. is done in making. There are mainly two types of glass, in which first is normal glass and second is special purpose glass. Mostly normal glass (glass) is used and the glass which is in our homes is also normal glass. Whereas special purpose glasses are made for a specific purpose such as bullet proof glass, the glass in the wind screen of the car. But only ordinary glass is used to make 90% of the things, how important is glass in your life.

Invention of glass

Glass as an independent object (mostly in the form of beads) dates back to about 2500 BC. It probably originated in Mesopotamia and was later brought to Egypt. Glass vessels appeared around 1450 BC, during the reign of Thutmose III, the 18th dynasty pharaoh of Egypt. A glass bottle with a hieroglyph of Thutmose is in the British Museum in London. From Mesopotamia and Egypt, glassmaking using the basic soda-lime-silica composition traveled to Phoenicia along the coast of present-day Lebanon. From there the art spread to Cyprus, Greece, and the Italian peninsula by the 9th century BC. After the conquest of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE, the skill of glass-making spread to the East, including the Indian subcontinent. Excavations at Nevasa have discovered glass beads and bangles characteristic of Hindu culture dating back to around 200 BC. Glass makers in Syria prospered during this time, in plain bowls of single colours 

How is glass made? 

Sand or sand is used to make glass. But in making glass, no common sand is used, but such sand is used which contains silica. In which up to 99% silica is found.

Some things are needed to make glass such as lime, soda and sand. Then a mixture of all these is prepared in which about 75% is sand, 15% is soda and 10% is lime. It is grinded well through a machine and old glass pieces are also mixed in it. After this, this mixture is put in a furnace for melting, tell that for this a furnace is required whose temperature is very high. The mixture which is put in this furnace at such a high temperature melts and turns into a liquid. And this liquid is molten glass, that is, glass itself. That is, when this liquid cools slowly, it turns into glass. The molten glass is then poured into a mold or sheet as needed and left to cool. So in this way different things of glass are made.

What is the process of making glass? 

Sand is used as a raw material to make glass, but this sand is not ordinary sand, but such sand is used for this, in which 99 percent silica is available. After obtaining such sand, the procedure given below is followed, due to which the glass is prepared.

Mixing

The process of preparing glass begins with mixing. For this, about 15 percent soda ash, 10 percent lime and 75 percent sand are taken.After that it is mixed well among themselves. A mixture of this is prepared. The prepared mixture is mixed in such glass pieces, which are old. 

Melting

After the mixture is ready, the process of melting is started by putting it in the furnace.

To melt it, the temperature of the furnace is kept around 1000 °C.

Colding

Well when the mixture melts, it turns into a liquid form. After that it is taken out and then put in a mold and left to cool down

Glass

When the mixture cools down completely in the mold, it is taken out. In this way, as is the shape of the mold, the real glass is ready to be made. 

Tell what shape the glass is to be given, it is decided only when the glass mixture is changed into liquid form, after that it is poured into the same size mold as it is to be given And after cooling, glass is obtained in the same shape.

How is a mirror made? 

There are many types of glass. A glass is that which is transparent, which is used to make household utensils, bottles, window glasses etc.

 

 

 A mirror is made from this glass itself. To make glass, the large glass is laid down and transported through a robotic system to the conveyor belt. After this it is cleaned with water and oxide etc. Apart from this, hot water is also used to clean it.The glass is then coated and liquefied tin is first plated, which forms the back of the glass. For this reason, silver easily sticks to the glass. Explain that silver is plated on glass in liquid form. There are also some chemicals in it, due to which even a simple glass gets converted into a mirror. After this, double coating of copper etc. is done on it, due to which the glass lasts for a long time.The mirror is then placed in the dryer and kept at 31 °C temperature. Then a paint is done on the back side and it is dried through machines. Many companies also do double coating. After this it is cut according to the demand and many types of designs are also included in it.

What is the history of glass in India? 

The word glass appears in many places in Yajurveda Samhita, Mahabharata, Ramayana and Yoga Vashistha. Apart from this, let us also tell you that there are some areas in India where such pieces of glass have been found which are of ancient times. If we look at the details of glass in India, it starts from the 16th century, because at that time a huge amount of glass was sent by India to the countries of northern Italy and Europe, as well as chemical products to make glass also sent to Venice. Used to go Around the 19th century, bangles, vials and toys were manufactured by glass in different states of India. India's modern glass industry started in the year 1870 and by the year 1915, many glass factories had started in India, but all of them were closed. At present, many glass factories are running in India.

What is the use of glass?  

Many things are made using glass. Such as potable glass water bottle, drinking water glass, dining table etc. Along with this, it is also used to strengthen the structure. According to the demand, things made of glass are kept very strong or less strong. The thickness of the glass is kept more in wine bottles.Let us also tell you that the glass it is, it is also corrosion resistant and it does not dissolve in most of the liquids. Therefore, only glass bottles are used to keep wine and wine and to keep other types of chemicals.

WORLD'S LARGEST KRISHNA TEMPLE

Trekking is immediately mentioned with views of high mountains with snow-capped peaks, somewhat trampled narrow paths and less explored, laden with wild flowers and fruits, stunning waterfalls, dog companions and local mountain delicacies. Joke it tastes like water. The first choice of every trekker and a dream for many, the state of Himachal Pradesh offers you everything you need to take care of the little adventurer inside you. 

Quench your thirst with some mesmerizing beauty, thrilling adventures and don't miss out on a dive into the rich splendid history you have to visit. Similarly Yulla Kanda (3,895 m) is a spiritual trek in the Rora Valley of Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. The best time to trek is from mid-May to mid-October. The nearest village from the base camp is Urni. The total length of Yulla Kanda Trek is 12 km. Is This lake is situated at an altitude of 3895 meters above sea level and one has to trek a bit before seeing this sight with one's own eyes. Because the mountains of India are closely associated with Hindu deities. And a temple dedicated to a specific deity can be found anywhere you walk the long paths of the Himalayas.

 Tallest shri krishna temple in india 

Trekking to the world's highest temple of Lord Shri Krishna, Sri Krishna Temple, located in the Rora Valley of Kinnaur in the lap of Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh in India, can be a different experience.

Whose name is Yula Kanda Trekking Trekking Route. You can walk through the Himalayas to reach the world's highest temple dedicated to Lord Krishna.

History Behind Krishna Temple Lake

This famous temple is situated in the middle of a lake. local people believe The lake was built by the Pandavas during their exile. 

The temple was built like a lake. Also, the most striking feature of the temple is its height (12000 ft) above sea level which makes it the highest Krishna temple in the world. Another important point is that people can worship Lord Krishna irrespective of their religion, caste or creed. The place welcomes everyone with an open heart and warmth.It is believed that the present Bushah ruler Raja Kehari Singh started the festival of "Janmashtami" here, which is celebrated with great victories and joy in the region. It is believed that this temple belongs to Bushah Empire.

Festivals Celebrated in the Temple 

This temple celebrates the festival of Janmashtami with much pomp and grandeur. 

Every year during Janmashtami, people from Kinnar district and other regions of Himachal Pradesh visit this temple. Kinnar village and Shri Krishna temple are separated by a walking distance of 12 kms.

Recognition

According to local beliefs, if you try to swim upside down in the lake by the side of the temple with the traditional Kinnaur cap, 

you can find out your luck. As the cap reaches across the river without drowning, you will find peace and joy in the times to come. If the hat sinks in, you may not have a good year ahead.

Tourist

Though the place remains deserted for a large part, every year tourists, locals and people from adjoining districts gather in large numbers to celebrate the birth anniversary of Lord Krishna. They circumambulate the lake to get rid of their sins and bad deeds.The trek starts from Yulla Khas village. Once you reach the village, you will be greeted with beautiful valleys and lots of love by the local people. Once you reach the village, trek another 3 kms to reach the meadow from where the route actually begins.The trek is a short duration which is difficult to walk through forest and rich grasslands before finally reaching the lake. If the sky is clear, you might even see some of your snow-capped friends as part of a view along the way.

On the first day, start your trek early in the morning to the lake which is about 8-9 kms long. Once you reach the lake, set up your tent and give yourself proper rest. Treat yourself to a hot bonfire and a starry sky.

 

 

Prepare well for the second day. However if you wish to trek further, you can proceed from the lake in the North-East direction and visit "Rora Kanda" at an altitude of 3900 m.

 

How to reach Yulla Kanda? 

 

Reach Shimla from where you can reach Tapri which is a little over 200 kms and is about 7-8 hours drive. If you are running on a tight budget, it is best to catch a bus to Rekong Peo or Kalpa, get off at Tapri and then board one of the local buses to reach Yulla village. Remember the first local bus leaves at 8:30 AM.

Trek essentials

- Tent

- Gold items and some food items in the tent

- Water bottle

- A nice down jacket and some pair of socks.

Also make sure you carry enough food upstairs but remember not to litter the place and bring the garbage back with you. Water will not be much of a problem as the trek route is adorned with several waterfalls that can be used for drinking.

THE HIGHEST TEMPLE IN THE WORLD IS 3,680 METERS ABOVE SEA LEVEL

 

 

Tungnath Temples are the five and highest Panch Kedar temples located in the "Tongnath Parvat" range in the Rudraprayag district of Garhwal, Uttarakhand. This temple is built at an altitude of about 3,680 meters above sea level. The Mandakini and Alaknanda river valleys are formed in the Tungnath (meaning lord of the peaks) mountains. This temple is believed to be more than 1000 years old and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. Lord Shiva is worshiped in this temple in the form of "Panchkedar". 

 

Tungnath Temple is situated almost in between Kedarnath and Badrinath Temple. According to the belief, Lord Shiva bestows special grace on the devotees who come here, while almost every wish sought here is also fulfilled soon. This temple is the second among the Panchkedars, the famous Tungnath temple is known as Kedar and is situated on the highest point among the Panch Kedars. It is believed that this temple was built by the Pandavas to please Lord Shiva, who was angry with the Pandavas due to the massacre in Kurukshetra. The peak of Tungnath is the source of three streams, from which the Akshkamini river is formed. The temple is located 3 km away from Chopta. It is said that to please Shiva, Mata Parvati did penance here before marriage.

Natural beauty like switzerland  

Situated at an altitude of twelve to fourteen thousand feet, this area is one of the most beautiful places in the Garhwal Himalayas. The beauty of this place, usually covered with a sheet of snow in the months of January-February, is seen in the months of July-August. The velvety meadows spread for miles in these months and the beauty of the flowers blooming in them are worth seeing. So experienced tourists do not hesitate to compare it with Switzerland. 

 

 

 The most important thing is that this is the only area in the entire Garhwal region where one can directly enter the world of Bugyal by bus. That is, this extraordinary area is within easy reach of devotees and tourists.

Tungnath Tourist Place

  

This entire area is called the area of ​​Panchkedar. The journey continues from Rishikesh to the banks of Alaknanda via Srinagar Garhwal. On reaching Rudraprayag, if you want to follow the path of Ukhimath, then you will have to leave Alaknanda and enter the Mandakini valley. From here the road is narrow. So the driver has to be very careful while driving. The road is very beautiful. Continuing further, there is a small town called Agastya Muni, from where the Nandkhat peak of the Himalayas can be seen.

 

 

  

On the way to Chopta, the dense forest and the beautiful view of bamboo and thunder attracts tourists. Chopta is situated at an altitude of twelve thousand feet above sea level. After a walk of three kilometers from here, at an altitude of thirteen thousand feet, there is the Tungnath temple, which is one of the Panchkedars. The three kilometer walk from Chopta to Tungnath provides an insight into the beautiful world of Bugyal. There is an ancient Shiva temple here. After climbing a height of one and a half km from this ancient Shiva temple, there is a peak named Chandrashila at a height of fourteen thousand feet. Where the huge form touching the Himalayas in front can surprise anyone. In the silence that surrounds you, it seems as if both you and nature have come here and become one. The view of the beautiful range of the forest and the valley emerging from Tungnath is very unique. Deohariya Tal can be reached by covering a distance of about eight kilometers from Chopta in the south direction of Tungnath temple. There is some special feature of this lake which makes it different from other lakes. In this transparent lake, pictures of snow-capped peaks like Chaukhamba, Neelkanth etc. are clearly visible. The total diameter of this lake is five hundred meters. It is surrounded by dense forests of bamboo and burrs, while on the other side there is an open field. There is also a musk deer breeding farm on the road from Chopta to Gopeshwar. Here the beauty of musk deer can be seen up close. In the month of March-April, the flowers of Buransh spread their unique shade throughout this route. In the month of January-February, this entire area remains covered with snow. 

 

 "The British commissioner Atkinson said of Chopta that a person who has not seen Chopta in his lifetime is meaningless to be born on this earth." 

 

This statement of Atkinson may seem redundant to some people, but the beauty here is amazing, there can be no doubt about it. For a tourist, this journey is nothing less than an adventure.

Natural beauty of the temple in the lap of Himalaya Mountains

Built amidst the beautiful natural beauty of the Himalayan Mountains, this temple is a center of attraction for pilgrims and tourists. This temple is very important for the travelers visiting Chardham. At the entrance of the temple there is an idol of "Nandi", an ardent devotee of Lord Shiva, who is going to the holy place. The priests of the temple are local Brahmins of Makkamath village. 

 

The architectural style of the Tungnath temple is similar to that of the temples of Guptkashi, Madhyameshwar and Kedarnath. The architecture of the temple is built in the North Indian style and there are many small shrines of different deities around the temple. The sacred part of the temple is a sacred black rock, which is the Swayamandala or the self-manifested-linga. The temples inside the temple enclosure are made of stone and on the outside are painted paintings. The roofs of the temple are also made of stone slabs. To the right of the entrance of the temple is an image of Lord Ganesha.

 

 The main sanctum sanctorum of the temple also houses the idols of Ashutu (eight metal structure) sage Vyasa and Kaal Bhairav ​​(half-god). The temple also has images of Pandavas and silver plaques from the other four Kedar temples. There is also a small temple for Goddess Parvati (wife of Shiva) and a group of five smaller temples dedicated to Panch Kedar, including Tungnath. To reach all the Kedars of Panch, one has to walk on foot and all the Panch Kedars are located here. a height. All these remain closed in winters as the entire area is covered with snow during that time.

Beliefs related to Tungnath Temple

 

 About Tungnath Temple It is believed that this temple was built by the Pandavas to please Lord Shiva, who was angered by the massive bloodshed in Kurukshetra. The credit for the construction of this temple goes to "Arjuna", the third brother of the Pandavas. Arjuna built the temple with the lingam mandala—representing the God's arms—located in the Ganges Griha or the holy place.

This temple is associated with Shri Ram 

At the same time, according to another belief, Tungnath, one of the five Kedars of Lord Mahadev, holds special importance in comparison to other Kedars because this place is also associated with Lord Rama. It is said that here Ramachandra spent some moments of his life in solitude. It is said in the Puranas that Ramachandra used to worship Shiva as his god. It is said that after killing Lankapati Ravana, Ramachandra came and meditated on Chandrashila at an altitude of fourteen thousand feet, one and a half kilometers away from Tungnath. Ramachandra had spent some time here.

THERE IS ALSO A PLACE IN THE WORLD WHERE PEOPLE SLEEP FOR WEEKS AND MONTHS

 

 

Sleepy hollow is a medical condition that causes humans to sleep for several days or weeks all the time. The disease has been reported only in a remote village in Kalachi, Kazakhstan. It was first reported in March 2013 and so far it has affected 152 people. The disease is probably non-communicable. The disease disappeared for a while but re-emerged in mid-2015. This disease affects all age groups.

Signs and symptoms

 

In addition to excessive sleepiness, the disease causes vomiting, hallucinations, nausea and disorientation. People with the disease often experience hallucinations like "snail walking in the face." Leonid Rikhvanov of the Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry, a professor at Tomsk Polytechnic University, said in a statement that radon gas released from the mine could be the cause of the symptoms.

 

Affected people fall asleep during day-to-day activities and always feel sleepy. One of the doctors said, "You wake them up, they can talk to you, answer you, but as soon as you stop talking and ask what bothers them, they just go to sleep, Want to sleep, want to sleep."

Cause  

 

Kazakh officials have reported on the disease, saying that increased levels of carbon monoxide, along with other hydrocarbons, caused sleepy hollows to spread through the village air due to flooding at an abandoned Soviet-era uranium mine. are becoming. 

 

The real cause of sleeping sickness in these villages was found to be carbon monoxide and low oxygen in the air.

 

Diagnosis
 

The diagnosis is primarily clinical, and one may migrate to other cities and countries rather than suffer.

FIND BUG REPORTS AND WIN MILLIONS OF GOOGLE REWARDS LIKE THIS INDIAN BOY HAS WON

Rony Das is an Indian security hacker. He is known for developing zero-day (computing) exploits. Google has rewarded them for finding and reporting bugs in Android Foreground Services.

 

Hailing from Bongaigaon in western Assam, Rony Das is a data security researcher who runs his own security startup called Axom Security, Rony Das works as a security engineer in one of his companies. He calls himself a self learner. He loved the area from the very beginning. In 2015, when he was in class 12th, he noticed a security flaw in the website of Gauhati University. Which provides security services apart from enabling cyber security education. Rony Das recognized by Google among others Has been.

 

 

According to the report, Rony Das told that he was making a software after some trouble. He came to know about this flaw while solving this problem. He had given this information to Google in May itself. Since then, he and the company have been exchanging information constantly. About 6 months later Rony Das won a $5,000 (approximately Rs 3.5 lakh) bounty from Google for reporting a vulnerability in his Android platform. They reported a bug in Android Foreground Services, which could be used by banking malware, among others, to hack into user data. Working on the reported bug, the tech giant fixed it, thereby protecting the sensitive data of millions of Android users. Because of this flaw, background processes in Android could be run without detection. The user was not aware of this. He told that this bug has been fixed in the upcoming Android version. Let us tell you that tech companies keep doing bounty programs from time to time. Through this, a reward is given for finding a flaw in the software or website. Many Indians also keep on winning prizes by participating in reward programs. This time Rony Das of Assam has got the reward from Google. Rony comes from a middle-class family background. His father Rony Das runs a tailor shop in Bongaigaon and his mother Rita Das is a homemaker. His exceptional work and the hours of work put in by him have transformed his position. His parents had no idea what he was actually doing until 2014, when he went to Kolkata to participate in an ethical hacking competition and took second prize for the first time. Things have changed since then. In 2015, when he was a Class XII student at Bongaigaon Railway HS School, Rony used his phone to find serious security flaws in a website run by Gauhati University. The university administration thanked Rony for his work. And since then there has been no looking back.The self-learner graduated in science stream from Birjhora Mahavidyalaya College in Bongaigaon and continued his cyber security research.In addition to being well noted by the media, Rony's cybersecurity bug reports have been acknowledged by the people and organizations he reports to.Rony Das founded the company Axom Security with a vision to strengthen the cyber security landscape in the country. His startup is now working on research into zero-day vulnerabilities and provides high-quality cybersecurity education that will prepare people for a job as a penetration tester.

THE FIRST INDIAN WOMAN FROM INDIA WHO FOUGHT THE WAR IN KARGIL

 Do you know who is Gunjan Saxena?

Flight Lieutenant Gunjan Saxena was the first woman officer of the Indian Air Force who went to the Kargil War. He made history during the Kargil war in 1999, as a flying officer, he flew Cheetah aircraft in the war zone and rescued many soldiers.

 

 

Flight Lieutenant Gunjan Saxena (born 1975) is an Indian Air Force (IAF) officer and former helicopter pilot. She joined the Indian Air Force in 1996 and is a veteran of the 1999 Kargil War. She is the first woman to fly in a war zone. One of their main roles during the Kargil War was to evacuate the wounded from Kargil, transport supplies and assist in surveillance. She was part of the operation to evacuate more than 900 soldiers, both injured and dead, from Kargil. In 2004, after serving as a pilot for eight years, his career as a helicopter pilot ended; Permanent commission was not available to women during his time. The 2020 Bollywood film Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl is inspired by her life. Her highly acclaimed bestselling autobiography "The Kargil Girl" was released by Penguin Publishers alongside the film, which she co-wrote with writer-duo Kiran Nirvana.

 Early life 

Gunjan Saxena was born in a military family. His father, Lt Col Anoop Kumar Saxena and brother Lt Col Anshuman both served in the Indian Army.

Saxena earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Hansraj College, University of  Delhi in New Delhi.

Indian Air Force service

Saxena was one of six women who joined the Indian Air Force (IAF) as pilots in 1996. This was the fourth batch of women air force trainees for the IAF .Saxena's first posting was in Udhampur, as part of the 132 Forward Area Control (FAC) as a flight lieutenant. Flying Officer Saxena was 24 years old when she flew during the Kargil War and was stationed in Srinagar.  In the Kargil War, as part of Operation Vijay, apart from evacuating the wounded[a], she helped transport supplies to troops in the forward areas of Dras and Batalik. She also was assigned surveillance roles such as mapping enemy positions. She had to deal with makeshift landing grounds, heights of 13,000 to 18,000 feet and enemy fire. She was one of the ten pilots, based in Srinagar that flew hundreds of sorties during the war, evacuating over 900 casualties, wounded and killed Saxena was the only women in the Indian Armed Forces who flew into war zones in the Kargil War.  In 2004, her career as a helicopter pilot ended after serving for seven years. Permanent commissions were not available during her time in service.

Personal life

Saxena's father Anup Saxena was a Lieutenant Colonel in Indian Army. Saxena's husband Gautam Narain, a Wing Commander is also an Indian Air Force pilot. He is the pilot of IAF Mi-17 Helicopter. He also served as an instructor at the National Defence Academy, which is the first tri-service academy in the world. The couple have a daughter, Pragya Narain who was born in 2003.

In popular culture

A chapter in the book Kargil Untold Stories From The War by Rachna Bisht Rawat focuses on Gunjan Saxena.Gunjan Saxena's autobiography, titled ‘The Kargil Girl’ co-written with author-duo Kiran Nirvan, was released by Penguin Publishers along with the movie. The book garnered immense praise and five star-reviews by print and electronic media including BBC India, CNN Network 18, Forbes India, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, etc. “Never jingoistic but measured and matter-of-fact, the book makes for thrilling reading with vividly described, moving, cinematic and enthralling scenes” is what Hindustan Times said about the book.The 2020 Bollywood film, released on Netflix Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl is inspired by her life. Saxena is portrayed by Janhvi Kapoor while the film has been produced by Dharma Productions and Zee Studios. Saxena's's father and brother are played by Pankaj Tripathi and Angad Bedi respectively in other popular roles.

Media inaccuracies

After the film Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl released, there was a lot of confusion related to some facts about Saxena. In an article in NDTV she clarifies some of them: 

I was lucky and blessed to have so many firsts to my name in my years with the IAF. To list a few -- first in the order of merit during my basic training and also in helicopter training, the first woman to fly in a combat zone (mentioned in the Limca Book of Records), the first 'BG' (a coveted flying category) among women helicopter pilots and the first woman officer to undergo the jungle and snow survival course. There are other small achievements, but those are not of much significance to my story right now.
                                        

    —?Gunjan Saxena, NDTV

Neither I nor the filmmakers ever claimed I was a "Shaurya Chakra" awardee. After Kargil, I received the "Shaurya Veer" award from a civilian organisation in Uttar Pradesh. A certain section of the internet news possibly turned "Veer" into "Chakra". This has been clarified many times during my media interactions for the film's promotions.

    —?Gunjan Saxena, NDTV

BY EATING SOIL IN HUNGER, TODAY HE IS GROWING UP AND EARNING LAKHS OF RUPEES

 

Sadio Mane, who is one of the biggest footballers in the world, is also called the magician of the world of football. His life was spent in a lot of trouble. Sadio Mane was born on 10 April 1992 in a small village in Senegal. Sadio is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Premier League club Liverpool and the Senegal national team.

 Early life

Sadio Mane used to practice football wearing very torn shoes. Sadio Mane is the defender of Liverpool and also the captain of the Senegalese national team. Sadio's childhood was full of troubles. He was born in a small village in the country of Senegal, Africa.

There was no comfort in the village of Sadio, it was the most backward village from the world in progress. Sadio Mane's family was so poor that they did not even have money to eat food. Sometimes Sadio Mane used to eat mud to satisfy his hunger. 

This shows how poor Sedio Mane was. Sadio Mane loved football, he loved football more than his life. 

But who would train this poor kid, so Sadio Mane made himself his coach and started training in football. He told himself at that time that today is not my time, but tomorrow I will bring my time on my own and my village is not my country, this whole world will recognize me by my name. At the age of 12, Sadio learned that football trials were taking place in his city, only then he made sure that he would give football trials but the problem was how to get there because he did not have the money to go there. But Sadio Mane was stubborn and used to cover a distance of 160 kilometres. After escaping, he reached there to give a trial of football. When Mane reached there, seeing his condition, other boys who came to give trial started laughing seeing Mane because his clothes and shoes were torn. But Mane's spirit was high and he was telling himself that just one chance, just one chance... Seeing Sadio Mane, the coach told him how are you going to play football, your shoes are torn and secondly look how he has Come ready On this point of the coach, Sadio said that just give two minutes, you will know who has come after preparing. The coach allowed Sadio to trial, and in just two minutes, Sadio convinced the coach what football was playing. The coach told Sadio that if this passion for football remains with you forever, then one day people will know me by your name. Sadio was very happy to hear this from the coach. Mane wanted to tell this to his father after reaching home early, but when he reached home, he saw that his father had died of a heart attack. There was no hospital anywhere in his village for the treatment of his father, nor did he have money for treatment. Sadio Mane's father used to give him full support but now he was also not there. But now Mane was working harder than before.

world record 

Seeing Mane's talent, a big club in France selected him and from here Mane's life started changing. Anyone who sees Mane playing football, all he can say is that I wish he was on our team. First, Mane played international match rummy for Southampton for which he got the money he asked for. Playing for Southampton, he made a new world record by hitting a hat-trick in 2 minutes 56 seconds,

 

 

which no one has been able to break even today. Today Sadio Mane plays for the biggest football club in the world, ie Liverpool. Mane has done what he said in his childhood that one day this world will know me by my name and the world knows the coach who gave Mane a trial opportunity.

 Mets 

In 2011, Mane joined Metz, which had a partnership with Generation Ft. He made his professional debut on 14 January 2012, as a substitute for Kevin Diaz in the 75th minute after a 0–1 home loss in Ligue 2 against Bastia, he made 19 appearances in his first league season, 12 as a starter. , and scored a lone goal in a 2–5 loss to Gingamp at the Stade Saint-Symphorion on 4 May. Metz was relegated to the Championnat National at the end of the season.

Red bull salzburg 

On 31 August 2012, Mane moved to Austrian Bundesliga side Red Bull Salzburg for the third-highest transfer fee that FC Metz had ever received. The fee was believed to be €4 million. He scored his first hat-trick for the club on 31 October. , in a 3–1 victory at SC Kallsdorf in the third round of the Austrian Cup. On 27 October 2013, he scored his first hat-trick in the Austrian Bundesliga during a 3–0 win over Grodig. He scored another triple on 7 May 2014 as Salzburg won the cup semi-final 7–0 at Horn; The season ended with the team winning the home double. At the end of August 2014, Mane forced a transfer from the club, not coming to training and most importantly playing for Salzburg at that time to qualify for the Champions League.

International career 

Mane was part of the Senegalese team at the 2012 Olympic tournament, and started every match through Group A as runners-up to Great Britain before losing 4–2 after extra time in the quarterfinals. On 1 January 2015, Senegal was dropped from the squad for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations after suffering a calf injury in Southampton's 2–0 win against Arsenal. He later returned to the team, and made his final two group debuts against South Africa. Algeria crashed out of the group stage. Mane represented Senegal in Gabon in the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations and scored one goal in each of the country's opening two matches, winning 2–0 against Tunisia and Zimbabwe. After a goalless draw in the quarter-finals against Cameroon, he missed a penalty in a shoot-out that knocked Senegal out of the tournament. In May 2018, Mane was named in Senegal's 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. He scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw against Japan in the group stage. Mane started all three of Senegal's group matches as they were eliminated after the first leg, which ended on fair play points below Japan. Mane was once again called up in Senegal's final squad for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations. He scored two goals and missed a penalty in a 3–0 win against Kenya, as Senegal finished second in the group stage and qualified for the knockout stage. Mane scored the only goal of the match and missed another penalty in Senegal's 1–0 victory over Uganda in the round of 16. He played in Senegal's next three matches as they reached the final, losing 1–0 to Algeria in a rematch, Senegal's first match of the tournament. Despite finishing the competition as runner-up, Mane was named in the team of the tournament. In the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations, Mane starred for Senegal as they won the competition for the first time. In the final against Egypt - a match that saw him go against his Liverpool teammate Mohamed Salah - Mane saved his own penalty in the 7th minute, but went on to score the winning kick in the penalty shootout. As well as scoring the deciding kick to win the trophy, Mane scored three goals and made two assists before the final, and was named player of the tournament.

Play style

Mane was described as a complete player who plays with 'a high level of intensity and concentration' by Liverpool teammate Fabinho. Former Liverpool defender Jamie Carragher called Mane a "world-class winger", comparing him to former Liverpool player John Barnes. He was compared to Cristiano Ronaldo by former Ajax defender Danny Blind, who praised him for his ability to score with legs and headers while also making "astonishing" sprints. A versatile forward, Mane is a prolific goalscorer whose key traits are his finishing, speed, technique and tact in possession, as well as his decision-making, tactical awareness, creativity, agility, balance, control, touch on the ball, and dribbling skills. He has garnered praise in the media for his intelligent play, passing and his ability to get into good positions, allowing him to score goals or create chances for teammates. Known for his calm and timid personality, his ability to deal with pressure has also been highlighted as one of his main strengths. Beyond his offensive, technical and constructive qualities, his high defensive work-rate has also been noted by pundits, as well as his ability in the air, despite his modest stature of 1.75 m (5' 9"). Plays on a winger on the left flank, a position that allows him to cut to the center and shoot at the target with his strong, right foot.

Community and philanthropy 

In 2019, Mané donated £250,000 ($319,103, €284,813) to build a school in his home town of Banbali, Senegal. In 2021, he donated £500,000 ($638,207, €561,987) towards the construction of a hospital in Banbali.

Personal life

Mane currently resides in Allerton, Liverpool and has been burgled twice, once in November 2017 and again in February 2019. He is a practising Muslim and occasionally is seen making du'a before the start of each match

HUMANS LIVE IN THE NEST BECAUSE OF 700 YEARS OLD HISTORY

 

 

Kandovan also known as Kanwan is an ancient village in Sahand Rural District in the Central District of Osku County, East Azerbaijan Province, North-Western Iran. It is situated at the foot of the Sahand Mountains near the city of Osku. At the 2006 census, the population of the village was 601 in 168 households. These villages are examples of man-made rock houses that are still inhabited. Troglodite houses excavated inside volcanic rocks are locally called karans, similar to dwellings in the Turkish region of Cappadocia. The karan was cut into non-welded ignimbrates, also known as the "ash-flow tuffs" of Mount Sahand. The conical form of the houses is the result of erosion of ignimbrite layers consisting of porous, round and angular pumice stone along with other volcanic particles that were located in a gray, acidic matrix. During the eruption of the Sahand, pyroclastic flows formed the rocks of Kandovan. The thickness of this structure around the village is over 100 meters (330 ft) and, over time, water erosion has formed cone-shaped rocks.  

These houses are in Kandovan

There is a village named Kandovan in Iran. The people of this village have lived in nest-like houses for the last 700 years. These houses built on the hills look exactly like the nests of birds. Their families have been living here from generation to generation. However, their homes, which look like normal nests, also have some characteristics.

Houses were built to avoid attacks

 

 

The people here also had a special reason to live in these houses. In fact, when these areas were under the terror of the Mongol invaders, at that time there was a search for safe places to avoid the attacks, where these people could protect themselves from the attacks of the Mongols. In such a situation, these people went to the hills and built such houses there. They dug rocks and prepared houses for hiding. Over time, this house became a permanent place for them to live.

weather friendly houses 

However, these houses look ordinary. Seeing them, it seems that it would be very difficult to live here, but it is not so. These houses remain friendly in all types of weather. These houses remain warm in the cold season and cool in the summer. These houses may look strange in appearance, but they are quite comfortable. People living in these houses do not use heaters and air conditioners.

center of attraction for the world

Now you must have understood that after all, why the people of Kandovan village of Iran live in these nest-like houses. It may not be as beautiful as it looks, but its texture is such that people here like to live in them. Today these houses have become famous for their artwork all over the world.