Today IVF is being used all over the world and more than 5 million babies have been born with this technique. IVF is a fertility treatment that is designed for people who are unable to have a child. Infertile couples are treated with this procedure. Through IVF, many childless couples have got the pleasure of having their own children. Earlier such children were called test tube babies. The world's first test tube baby was born on 25 July 1978 in London, Louis Joy Brown. This day is celebrated as World IVF Day.
IVF parent history
Robert Edwards
The process was first used in the world by Patrick Steppo and Robert Edwards in the United Kingdom when they were 87 years old. Their child born through this process was named Lewis Brown, who was born on 25 July 1978 in Manchester.
Louise Brown, the world's first test tube baby, paid tribute to Edwards, saying,
"I always treated Robert Edwards like my grandfather. The work he did has brought joy to the lives of millions of people around the world."
"I am delighted that he has been with us for so long and has seen his work receive a Nobel Prize. His legacy will continue to grow with the work on IVF around the world," he said.
Professor Edwards was a Fellow at the University of Cambridge. The university said the work of Professor Edwards had revolutionized the economy. Born in Yorkshire in 1925 to a working family, Professor Edwards served in the British Army during World War II. After returning home, he first studied agricultural science and then turned to genetics. Earlier research had confirmed that a female rabbit's egg could be fertilized in a test tube with a male rabbit's sperm. Professor Edwards tried this technique on humans.
Nobel Prize
In 1968, in a laboratory in Cambridge, he developed a human embryo outside the womb for the first time.
"I will never forget the day I looked under the microscope and saw a human blastocyst (the condition immediately after fertilization) staring at me. Unknowingly it came out of my mouth." Turns out 'we have been successful in our work'."
Professor Edwards recalled the moment, saying,
Professor Edwards was awarded the Nobel in 2010 and the Knighthood in 2011
Due to illness and weakness, Professor Edwards could not travel to Stockholm to receive the Nobel Prize in 2010 and was awarded on his behalf by his wife, Ruth.
Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay
This process was used for the first time in India by Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay. But just 67 days after the birth of Louis, the doctor who brought the first test tube baby to the world in India was so harassed by the Bengal government that he committed suicide on 19 June 1981.
Dr. Disha says that if Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay's discovery was respected and his technique was carried forward, then today he would have been far ahead in this field. The reason for not accepting his claim was that such a great achievement of an Indian doctor was not acceptable to the foreign doctors. He rejected Mukhopadhyay's claim and was ridiculed by many people not only in the world but also in the country. Jyoti Basu's government of Bengal transferred her, calling her claim wrong. Harassed in every way. But after his death, world experts believed that Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay's technique was correct and his claim was also justified.
Dr. TC Anand Kumar brought to the fore the achievement
It is also worth mentioning that after the death of Dr. Mukhopadhyay, his research and work was brought to the world by the same person, who was considered to have brought the first test tube baby to the world in India. He was Dr. TC Anand Kumar. Dr. Anand gave birth to a test tube baby eight years after Durga's birth.
She was also a girl and her name was Harsha. Harsha was considered as the first test tube baby in the country until Dr. Anand himself gave the credit to Dr. Mukhopadhyay for producing the first test tube baby in the country.
The truth revealed from the diary of Dr. Mukhopadhyay
The country and the world would have forgotten the contribution of Dr. Mukhopadhyay, but the documents related to his diary and research work were made available to Dr. Anand by Dr. Mukhopadhyay's wife. After observing them, Dr. Anand honestly accepted that Dr. Mukhopadhyay was the one who gave birth to the first test tube baby in India.
He had talked about the birth of the girl Durga in 1978. She was absolutely fine and the credit for giving birth to the first test tube baby in India should go to her, not me (Dr. Anand).
Dr. Mukhopadhyay's claim got international recognition
Eventually Dr. Mukhopadhyay's claim got international recognition.
Dr. Mukhopadhyay's achievements have been included in the Dictionary of Medical Biography. In this, the contribution of 1100 leading medical experts from hundred countries all over the world is mentioned.
So another Indian would have got the Nobel
Dr. Robert Edward, who is considered the father of IVF technology, who created the world's first test tube baby, received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2010. The fact is that Dr. Mukhopadhyay and Edward started working on IVF almost simultaneously. If India had supported Dr. Mukhopadhyay and claimed it, it was possible that Dr. Mukhopadhyay would have won the Nobel Prize. Or Mukhopadhyay and Edward would have got it jointly.
What happens during pregnancy
This process requires the egg (egg) of the female and the sperm (sperm) of the man. Together these two form the initial stage of infant production which is called embryo. If there is a problem with the egg of the woman, the sperm of the man or both, then it is considered sterile. Also pregnancy is not possible. Which means that the female partner cannot get pregnant naturally. This is the condition that requires treatment for sterility and IVF comes into play. There could be a problem with the sperm. If there are some problems in both, then this problem is called Couple Infertility. Many such situations have also come to the fore, in which the couple is able to conceive naturally after many years of efforts, but this is a rare situation.
What is IVF?
In this, the female egg and male sperm are fertilized outside the body. 'In-vitro' refers to 'in-glass' which means inside the glass. The fertilization process is done in a glass petri dish inside the lab.
This embryo is then implanted in the woman's uterus so that it can grow and take on the shape of a baby.
What happens in the IVF process?
In this process the female and male are checked, after that the process proceeds according to the result.
• The men's semen is cleaned in the lab. Then the active (good) and inactive (useless) sperms are separated.
• Eggs are taken out of the woman's body through injection and frozen.
• The active sperm is then placed on top of the egg in a petri-dish in the lab and released to reproduce naturally.
• By the third day of reproduction the embryo is ready.
• With the help of a catheter which looks like a special flexible tube, it is transferred to the woman's uterus.
• Sometimes the embryo is placed in the woman's uterus after monitoring for up to 5 days.
• The pregnancy success rate is higher in the 5-day-old fetus.
IVF pregnancy is like a normal pregnancy, only the embryo is prepared in the lab, which does not cause any side effects. Many people believe that due to IVF treatment, there can be some deficiency inside the child. This thinking is not correct because the whole process from reproduction to childbirth happens naturally. The development of the baby takes place in the mother's womb, the development of the child depends on the diet and reactions of the mother. There are different types of treatment for many fertility problems. Sometimes the problem is due to lack of sperm, movement of sperms, size of sperms, absence of sperms in semen, poor quality sperm, poor quality eggs or problems in ovulation.The treatments for IVF procedures are categorized below. But it is important to know that fertility treatments are administered individually and not in the general category.
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
A technique where male sperm is inserted into the woman's uterus during ovulation. This technique is used if there is any deficiency in the sperms of the man. In this procedure, after the semen is cleaned in the lab, a healthy sperm is selected which is transferred to the woman's uterus. This procedure is successful if the quality of male sperm is good.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
A healthy sperm is selected from the man's semen and then injected into the woman's egg. This procedure is used in cases where the motility of male sperm is low. ICSI success is 70-85% for healthy female eggs. Once the sperm is injected into the egg, it is fertilized naturally. The embryo is then implanted in the woman's uterus.
Donor ivf procedure
If the quality of sperm or eggs of the couple is poor, then donor egg or sperm and donor embryo are used. Donor IVF is recommended in cases where the partner has a genetic disease. Donor eggs are needed in women with ovarian reserve failure.
Surrogacy (adopted womb)
Surrogacy is a good option for women who cannot have a baby due to problems in the uterus or any other difficulty. Surrogacy is a contract in which the surrogate mother keeps the baby in her womb until the birth and passes it on to the parents after birth. In this, the embryo is fertilized inside the lab and transferred to the uterus of the surrogate mother. There is no genetic relationship of the baby with the surrogate mother. There are many reasons why couples choose surrogacy, including cancer treatment, or women who do not have a uterus or have a problem with their reproductive system.
When might IVF be needed?
Male fertility
This is a problem that is found in many men. Male fertility treatment is helpful for low sperm count, sperm movement, sperm size, poor quality sperm in semen or inability to ejaculate. In IVF, only one healthy sperm is needed to fertilize the egg.
Female infertility
Many women have problems with ovulation, due to which they face difficulties such as irregular periods, very painful periods, heavy bleeding in periods, or lack of periods. All this affects their fertility. Blockages in the fallopian tubes or problems with the uterus are among the common causes of sterility. In IVF procedure, injections are made in the ovary to develop more eggs.IVF has given hope to couples who are unable to conceive. Some couples find it difficult to conceive due to minor problems while some have to deal with this problem due to the reasons of major problems. Through IVF, all those couples can get the happiness of a child.
Process
ICSE is used when the number of eggs is low or the sperm are not in a better state to interact with the egg. In this, sperms are injected directly into the ovum by micromanipulation technique. In ZIFT, a woman's eggs are removed and fertilized and implanted in the female fallopian tube rather than in her uterus. The process of IVF is complete as superovulation, retrieval of eggs, fertilization and embryo transfer. It can also be used by women who have had menopause and have closed fallopian tubes. Thus this facility proves to be a boon.
other types of fertilization.
• Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)
• Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Zygote intrafallopian transfer
ZIFT is also similar to IVF. Fertilization is done in the laboratory. The very mature embryo is then put into the fallopian tube instead of the uterus. In this the sperms and eggs are fertilized outside the body.
Gamete interfallopian transfer
Under GIFT, the egg and semen are transferred to the oviduct of the woman. Fertilization takes place in the body of the woman itself.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
In ICSI, only one sperm is injected into the fertilized egg. The embryo is then transferred to the uterus or oviduct. It is used for those couples who have some serious disease related to semen. Sometimes it is also used for older couples or those who have had unsuccessful IVF attempts.
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