IN WHICH COUNTRY WAS YOGURT BACTERIA DISCOVERED

Bulgaria is located in the Balkan Peninsula of Europe. The process of using curd here has been going on for centuries. Here a special breed of bacteria is found necessary for the curdling. The climate here is considered very good for making curd. Bulgaria itself made curd a commercial product. A scientist from Bulgaria was the first to do research on the method of freezing curd. He was a resident of Trun area of ​​Bulgaria. The name of the scientist was Stamen Grigorov. The Dahi Museum has also been built in the name of this Bulgarian scientist, which is the only museum of its kind in the world.Lactobacillus bulgaricus is the bacteria behind the freezing of curd.

Which country gave the gift of curd

It is said that curd is a gift from the Eastern European country of Bulgaria. The history of curd is as old as the history of Bulgaria itself. Here curd is eaten in many forms. Any food here is incomplete without curd. Many Bulgarians claim that the nomadic caste people discovered the idea of ​​making curd four thousand years ago. These nomads used to roam from place to place with their young children. In such a situation, they had no way to store the milk. So he started collecting milk and using it. He used animal skins for this work. The milk was kept at a certain temperature which allowed the bacteria to settle in the milk. By adopting almost the same method, the process of making curd started in other parts of the world as well.

WHAT IS DNA VACCINE

In this technique, immune proteins are developed using the DNA of the body. This protein prevents virus infection and protects the cells of the body from corona virus infection. The whole world has become a fan of the indigenous vaccine made on DNA technology against Corona. Zydus Cadila's vaccine Zykov-D is the first DNA vaccine made not only against corona but against any disease in the world. Scientists believe that this vaccine based on DNA technology can pave the way for a vaccine for a complex disease like cancer in the future. The Drug Controller General of India last month allowed its emergency use after meeting its effectiveness and safety standards against Corona. According to him, efforts to make DNA vaccine for various diseases were going on all over the world since 1990, but for the first time India's Zydus Cadila has got success. That is why this achievement is special. D has been 67 percent effective in preventing corona infection. It has been proved that it is actually capable of preventing many diseases. DNA vaccine is termed better than RNA vaccine. The biggest feature of DNA vaccine is that it remains stable at normal temperature, whereas RNA vaccine has to be kept in temperature from -20 to -80 degree. The RNA vaccine has been found to be more than 90 percent effective against the corona, but their trial took place before the arrival of the delta variant of the corona, during which it was relatively less infectious, while Jaykov-D has proved its effectiveness on the infectious delta variant. A vaccine based on DNA technology can use a complex protein or a combination of several proteins. According to Nature, work is currently underway on about a dozen DNA vaccines against Corona all over the world. Out of which the vaccines of Osaka University of Japan and Inivio & Partners of America are in the second and third phases of clinical trials. While Zydus Cadila's Jaycov-D will join India's vaccination campaign this month.

INDIA'S TEAM CAPTURED AT KENNINGTON OVAL HISTORY, BEAT ENGLAND BY 157 RUNS, LEAD THE SERIES 2-1

IND vs ENG 4th Test Match: In the fourth test match played at Kennington Oval Stadium in London, Team India registered a spectacular victory against England. Both batsmen and bowlers contributed in this victory of India. With this win, India has taken a 2-1 lead in the five-match Test series. After 50 years at the Oval, India has won. India had set a target of 368 runs to England. In response, England's team was reduced to 210 runs. Indian team won this match by 157 runs. In the second innings for India, Umesh Yadav took three wickets, Bumrah, Jadeja and Shardul Thakur took two wickets each.

NASA BEGINS FLIGHT TEST OF ELECTRIC AIR TAXI

NASA begins flight testing with Joby Aviation's all-electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. The testing process will take place from August 30 to September 10 at Joby's Electric Flight Base near Big Sur in California. This is the first time NASA is testing an EVTOL aircraft as part of the campaign. In the future, EVTOL aircraft could serve as air taxis to cities and surrounding areas across the country, adding another mode of transportation to carry people and goods. The test will help identify gaps in current Federal Aviation Administration regulations and policies to help AAM aircraft incorporate into the national airspace system. This multi-event campaign to advance airspace mobility in the US will take place in multiple locations over the years. "The national campaign development test is an important strategic step in NASA's goals of accelerating the AAM industry timeline," said Davis Hackenberg, NASA AAM mission integration manager. "These test scenarios will help inform gaps in existing standards to benefit industry progress in integrating AAM vehicles into the airspace." During this round of testing, NASA will collect data from Joby's EVTOL aircraft, which is intended to serve as a commercial passenger service in the future. Analyzing that data prepares the AAM National Campaign to perform the first set of campaign tests, known as NC-1, for more complex flight scenarios and with other industry vehicles scheduled for 2022. As the Joby aircraft flies through planned test scenarios, the NASA team will collect information about how the vehicle moves, how the vehicle sounds and how the vehicle communicates with controllers. Future participants will fly in similar scenarios to evaluate their vehicle readiness. The team will deploy the Mobile Acoustics Facility to measure the acoustic profile of Joby's aircraft at various stages of flight and to build an array of more than 50 microphones. "NASA's Common National Campaign is critical to scientific understanding and public acceptance of the EVTOL aircraft," said Joben Bevart, founder and CEO of Joby Aviation. "We are incredibly proud to have worked closely with NASA on electric flight over the past 10 years and to be the first EVTOL company to fly as part of the campaign." Another element of testing includes ensuring that external categories participating in NC-1 meet protocols for future testing by establishing a baseline for participation. The team will also test NASA's flight safety and airworthiness procedures to approve participants to participate in the campaign. The AAM National Campaign is managed by NASA's Advanced Air Dynamics Project, which plans to be a community catalyst for developing and validating systems-level concepts and solutions. for mango. The Common Project is a part of the agency's Aeronautical Research Mission Directorate.

IN WHICH COUNTRY WAS ELECTRICITY FIRST INTRODUCED

 

 

In India, electricity was first introduced in Kolkata. The first electric light was lit in Calcutta in 1879 and again in 1881. With the Calcutta Electric Lighting Act of 1895, Calcutta & Company licensed electrification in Calcutta as an agent of the Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation Limited. Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation Limited was registered in London. On 17 April 1899, the first thermal power plant of the Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation Limited was commissioned at Imambagh Lane near Prinsep Ghat, ushering in thermal power generation in India. Whereas electricity reached Delhi in the early 20th century. By now the importance of the city had increased due to political reasons. According to Narayani Gupta's book 'Delhi Between to Empires', electricity also came to Delhi in 1902 due to the (Delhi) Durbar. However, the generation of electricity in Delhi started in 1905. In the early days, electricity was made from diesel. During the Third Delhi Durbar of 1911, when the British king announced the transfer of the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi in a ceremony held at the Coronation Park in Burari, the same year a steam generating station was built here.

Electricity decoration was done in Delhi Durbar 

Significantly, in the first decade of the 20th century, the British, imitating Indian tradition, held two Durbars (1903, 1911) in Delhi, which were decorated with electricity. Leo Coleman in his book 'A Moral Technology, Electrification as Political Ritual in New Delhi' has outlined the role of technology in shaping cultural politics, political thought under the pretext of electrification of India's capital.

Wasteful expenditure on electricity

HC Fanshwa, author of 'Delhi, Past and Present', while discussing the introduction of electric lighting in the East (ie India), dismissed it as a wasteful expenditure. He argued that unlike Calcutta in Delhi, business ends in the evening. In such a situation, the light from kerosene is enough.

The first diesel power station installed in 1905 

An English company named 'M/s John Fleming' built the first diesel power station in Delhi in 1905. This company was responsible for both the generation and distribution of electricity. After obtaining a license under the Electricity Act, 1903, the John Fleming Company built a small two MW diesel station at Lahori Gate in Old Delhi. Later its name was changed to 'Delhi Electricity Supply and Traction Company'. In 1911, steam generation stations were started to generate electricity. According to the 'Gazette of Delhi, 1912', Delhi was not backward in any way in terms of lighting by electricity. It is true that only small streets and civil lines are lit with kerosene-burning lamps, but arrangements for electric lighting were made in the streets. Altogether 40 lamps to light 2000 candles and 80 lamps to light 50 candles were installed. Regular electricity is being provided for lighting public buildings, civil lines houses and the houses of the nobles. According to Leo Coleman, these English royal rituals reflected the colonial hold on modern techniques. It also inspired Indian princes to try to use modern electricity for their political and religious rituals.

Delhi Central Electricity Power Authority was formed in 1939.

In 1932 the management of the Central Power House was handed over to the 'New Delhi Municipal Corporation Committee' (NDMC). In Delhi's power generation-distribution sector, the year 1939 was a milestone as the Delhi Central Electricity Power Authority (DCEPA) was formed in the same year. The responsibility of this company was to provide electricity to the local bodies, especially the areas of Delhi Municipal Committees, West Delhi and South Delhi, besides the areas under the notified area committees, Red Fort, Civil Lines, Mehrauli, Najafgarh and Delhi District Board. At the same time, the work of power supply in the areas of Municipal Committees of Delhi-Shahdara and the notified area of ​​Narela was in the hands of various private agencies.

Constitution of Delhi State Electricity Board in 1951

After India got independence i.e. in the year 1947, DESTC was acquired by DCEPA Limited, then 1951 Delhi State Electricity Board was formed.

TODAY THE BEGGAR ON THE STREETS IS RUNNING A BUSINESS WORTH CRORES

Renuka Aradhya

 

A car rental service in Bangalore, owned and managed by Pravasi Cabs Pvt Ltd, with a turnover of Rs 40 crores. Commanding a fleet of over 1,000 cars owned by 250 and 40 school buses. “We expect to touch business of Rs. 100 crore by 2019 and then we will go for IPO,” says Renuka Aradhya. Renuka Aradhya is today a well-known name in the cab industry and is also the director of four start-ups spanning the transportation, hospitality and real estate sectors.

Early life  

Renuka Aaradhya's father was a priest at the Mutyalamma Devi temple in Gopasandra village in Anekal taluk near Bangalore. They did not get a fixed salary; The family cultivated ragi and paddy on a small part of the temple land, but the yield was not sufficient to meet their needs.Renuka Aaradhya has a sister and a brother. After temple duty,Renuka Aaradhya's father used to go door to door begging and young Renuka Aaradhya used to take ragi, jowar or rice with her which people used to give her. Later he sold it in the market.

Aaradhya Education

Renuka Aaradhya studied in a government school and her teachers used to help her by paying her fees. In return, he used to do household chores for them. When he reached the sixth grade, his father engaged Renuka Aaradhya in his service at the house of an elderly skin patient. Renuka Aaradhya used to bathe, wash and apply ointment on the body, her every need was focused on her, she used to stay from 10 am to 11 am. After finishing his work he also went to school and after coming back from school came back to work, he did this work for a year and attended a local school.“I realized that the experience I had in his home was much more real schooling than the actual learning I learned from books. . They used to serve leftover food which was very dry. I didn't get enough food and I used to go hungry,” says Renuke Aaradhya with a smile. When Renuke Aaradhya's father realized his son's plight, he took him to the Mahantir Ashram in Chickpet, Bangalore, admitted him, had only two meals a day and nothing in between. The study of Sanskrit and Vedas was compulsory in the ashram. Seeing her seniors going for prayers at christenings, marriages and other events, Renuka Aaradhya also thought of accompanying them so that they could get enough food, but for this she also had to wash the clothes of her seniors. After that the seniors agreed to take him along.

Renuka Aaradhya job career

But after failing in the tenth examination, he went back home. “When Aaradhya's father passed away, the responsibility of looking after Aaradhya's mother fell on Aaradhya. Aaradhya's brother and sister got married and they were not in a position to help Aaradhya,” says Aaradhya. I lost interest in studies and decided to work.Renuka Aaradhya and her mother shifted to a small house in Bangalore, where Renuka Aaradhya took up small jobs. First he worked in a mechanical lathe factory, a year later he worked in a plastics company, then in an ice maker, then he worked as a sweeper in the camera company Adlab, thanks to his sharp mind. Because he printed there. There he worked for 3 years, after that he started working in Shyamsundar Trading Company which was a company selling suitcases, vanity bags, air bags etc. After some time he started his own business and started the business of making suitcases and bags by investing some capital. Gaya Her brother, who worked as a supervisor in a security agency, gave Aaradhya a job as a security guard in Koramangala. He worked as a security guard at various places for about three years and earned around Rs. 600 per month.

Personal life and business

He got married at the age of 20, his security guard's salary could not afford the household, so he also hired his wife in a garment factory and climbed coconut trees for extra income. Also worked as a brake and took care of them so he learned driving and got a job, but it didn't last long. "My first job lasted only a few hours. On the very first day, I hit the ambassador's car at a gate. Fearing that I would be reprimanded, I quit my job" Then he got a job in a travel agency at a gentleman's place, after some time he worked for the transportation of dead body, here he worked for 4 years, after that he started working in another company where he had to take foreign tourists on tour. Foreign tourists used to tip them in dollars when they got the opportunity, Aaradhya learned to interact with tourists and read newspapers. He also participated in workshops on Business Management, Marketing, Customer Retention and Entrepreneurship.“I believe that the world is a university and people are books. You learn from every person you meet,” Renuka Aaradhya started accumulating these money and from this deposit money and wife’s PF, he along with some people In 2001, a company named City Safari was opened.

Renuka Aaradhya called her new company 'Pravasi Cabs'. 

It was not all that easy and he had to struggle as an entrepreneur. His first customer was Amazon India, and he signed up for their Employee Transportation Service (ETS). They added 35 vehicles to Amazon in 2006-07. Amazon also gave him business in Chennai when he set up his office. He attached 300 vehicles to the Chennai office - all on borrowed money. After a few months, Aaradhya expanded her business and acquired other clients such as Walmart, Akamai and General Motors. In 2012, they added seven school buses to their fleet, which has now increased to 40. When Ola and Uber entered the scene, Renuka Aaradhya's vision and practical thinking saved her from the negative impact of the two taxi aggregators on the industry. “I saw many small taxi operators shut shop when Ola and Uber cabs hit the streets. If I had a small cab agency with just 100 or 200 cabs, I would have been hit badly,” he says. Since Renuka Aaradhya had around 700 cabs attached to the migrant, she escaped the impact "One should share what he has and empower his family and employees," adding further, "Without my wife's support, I would not have been where I am today." Renuka Aaradhya's son, who is a director in Pravasi Cabs, was married at the age of 19. His daughter-in-law was only 18 years old. After the wedding, the young couple completed their graduation in commerce. "My daughter-in-law is also from a poor family. When I assured her that I would allow her to complete her education, she agreed to marry my son. They have been married for seven years now and I am a one-and-a-half year old grandson. Ka proud grandfather,” he revealed. His daughter-in-law is being roped in to be a part of the family business. She will soon join as Aaradhya's secretary. "When I was only a driver, I often thought that instead of collecting a travel sheet one day I should be the one collecting it." Aaradhya's life simply proves that there is nothing that you cannot achieve in this world if you dream it, plan for it and work hard for it. So your dream will definitely be fulfilled,

today 1000 people work in Aaradhya's company, their turnover is 40 crores and also 3- The director of startup, the boy who used to beg from village to village, today he works hard, dedication and determination. Because of the resolution, we drive in a car worth 23 lakhs.

200 FOOT RABBIT IN ITALY

Image result A 180-foot giant stuffed bunny built on top of a hill in Italy Over a period of five years, the group weaved a giant, pink, woolly rabbit named "Hase" (Hare)—200 feet long, 20 feet high— And in 2005, it was dropped on top of a hill in the Piedmont region. Italy. Why? It's for hikers to enjoy, and, by 2025, for it to completely decay

In 2005, residents of Artesina were surprised to look out their windows and see a new addition in one of the many 5,000-foot-high mountains in the countryside of northern Italy. Almost overnight, a giant pink hare had made its way up the hill, in contrast to the dark green foliage covering the slopes. It is difficult to see this giant rabbit 200 feet long and 20 feet high. Created by art collective from Vienna, Gelitin, the macabre was built on rabbit hill, with its entrails flushed outward to make visitors feel like the Lilliputians of Gulliver's Travels. To accomplish his goals, Gelitin encourages visitors to climb, jump, or take a little rest over the lifeless, stuffy body of the rabbit. There is no set expulsion date for the hae, and it will likely remain there until it is consumed by Mother Nature, or by roaming animals. The creators expected Bunny to last until 2025, although it was almost completely disbanded by 2016.

IN WHICH COUNTRY AND WHEN WAS PAPER BILL FIRST USED

 

Which country was the first to use paper bills? 

Paper bills were first used by the Chinese, who began collecting money during the Tang dynasty (618–907) – mostly in the form of privately issued bills of credit or notes of exchange – and the practice Used it for more than 500 years before. It began to take hold in Europe in the 17th century. While it took a century or two for paper money to spread to the rest of the world, China was already going through a fairly advanced financial crisis: production of paper notes increased until their value decreased. which led to an increase in inflation. As a result, China abolished paper currency in 1455 and would not adopt it again for several hundred years. Another not-so-known fact: The word cash was originally used in the Tang dynasty to describe the type of round bronze coins with square holes commonly used, called kai-yuan.

When were paper bills first used? 

Paper currency in the United States dates back to 1690 and represents bills of credit or IOUs. The U.S. in 1861 to help finance the Civil War. New currencies were introduced in In 1996, a series of bills were introduced that used new methods to prevent counterfeiting.

TRIBAL WOMEN SET UP A COMPANY WORTH CRORES BY SELLING HERBAL POWDER

Tribal women selling herbal powder by forming a company, annual turnover exceeds one crore

Some tribal women of Sheopur district located in Gwalior region of Madhya Pradesh have written a new story of self-reliance. She is now running her own company. Proudly manufactures powders of herbs and supplies to companies manufacturing ayurvedic products. The turnover of his company has reached one crore rupees annually. Now his profit has almost doubled. The name of the company of these women is Saharia Mahila Minor Forest Produce Storage Producer Limited. Six thousand women are associated with this company, who are removing the financial problems of their families.

Government scheme help 

The story begins in the forests of Karahal-Vijaipur in Sheopur district. Jamuna tribals and some other tribal women used to bring herbs from these forests, make powder and sell them at retail to local traders at very low prices. Dr. SK Mudgal, District Project Officer of MP Aajeevika Mission came to know about this. According to Dr. Mudgal, from the year 2016, the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India had started a special program to improve the condition of tribal women. Under this, an organization named Access Development Service of Delhi provided training to these Sahariya tribal women for three months in Bhopal, Jabalpur, Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan) etc. for the identification of herbs and their specialty. After this the women formed the Saharia Mahila Minor Forest Produce Producer Limited Company. 

Equal share of profit 

Jamuna became the director of the tribal company and made six women members. Then six thousand women were made share holders in the company by taking Rs 100-100. Together they entered into contracts to find the herb, make its powder and sell it to big companies. The result was that now the annual turnover of the company is one to 1.25 crore rupees. Out of this, the amount of profit is distributed among all the six thousand shareholder women.

Used to get less money in retail business 

In Sheopur district, 48 collection centers have been set up to buy herbs. Here women buy herbs on commission basis and sort them and send them to the warehouse, where they are then sorted and packed into powder of the best herbs. Jamuna Adivasi, director of the company, says that earlier local traders used to take powder from 50 to 70 rupees per kg, now big companies give 100 to 150 rupees per kg.

A decoction worth Rs 12 lakh sold during the Corona period 

These women came from the forest Amla, Bael, Bell pulp, Bahera, Dhawda Gum, Salai Gum, Shatavar, Van Tulsi, Bhringraj, Shankhpushpi, Dhencha, Gudmar leaves, Chir Gum, Giloy, Ashwagandha, Mahua and many other types of plants and herbs. - Stores herbs. During the Corona period, when the work was stopped due to not being able to reach the powder companies, then these women, showing understanding, prepared an immunity-boosting decoction of herbs and sold a decoction worth more than Rs 12 lakh in two months.
Earlier we used to sell the powder to local traders, then we get less profit, now if we sell it to big companies, we get double the price. About eight thousand women are getting benefits directly or indirectly from this. It is like a dream come true of us tribal women.

INDIAN APP CAME TO LEAVE TRUECALLER

Truecaller app is one such app which is in almost everyone's phone. Now the Indian version of the same has come to compete with the trucker, whose name is Bharatcaller.

While promoting Make in India, many apps have been made in India which have replaced foreign apps. On August 15, 2021, India-made Bharatcaller app has been launched to compete with the caller ID app Truecaller. The creator of this app says that they are ahead of Truecaller in some respects and Indians will find this app better than Truecaller.

What is Bharatcaller app 

Bharatcaller app is a caller id app made by some engineers of India. Prajwal Sinha, an alumnus of IIM Bangalore and a key member of the app's production team, says that this app can become an alternative to Truecaller in India and is completely secure. Prajwal says that some time ago the Indian Army had banned the trucker in India. At this time Prajjwal and his friend realized that India does not have and should have its own Caller ID app. That's when he decided to make this app.

What is special in Bharatcaller app

This app is different from other apps in such a way that it does not save the contacts and call logs of its users on its server so that there is no impact on the privacy of the users. Also, the head data of this app is stored in encrypted format and its server cannot be used by anyone outside India. Hence Bharatcaller app is completely secure and user-friendly. Bharatcaller has been launched in various Indian languages ​​like English, Hindi, Tamil, Gujarati, Bangla, Marathi etc. The reason behind this is to make the app inclusive, so that every Indian can choose the language of his own pleasure and his choice and use the app in that language. All users using Android and iOS can download this app.

How was this app made?

Prajwal says that after three months of research, work on this app started in December 2020 and it took six months to be fully ready. After the success of the trials, the first version of this app was launched, which is worth using for about 10 million users. The makers of Bharatcaller say that they still haven't been able to get their app where it can compete with other such apps of international level. Updates are in process and improvements are being made to AI based algorithms. He says that he still has a lot more work to do.